A ranar Larabar nan, ƙasashen Mali, Nijar, da Burkina Faso sun sanar da ficewarsu daga ƙungiyar ECOWAS, wani mataki da ya jawo cece-kuce a duniya, musamman tsakanin ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka. Wannan yana zuwa ne bayan kwashe fiye da shekara guda na zaman tankiya da rikice-rikice tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashen uku da ƙungiyar ECOWAS, wanda ya nuna rashin tabbas game da makomar ƙungiyar.
A ranar 29 ga watan Janairu, shugabannin mulkin soji na kasashen nan uku sun sanar da ficewar su daga ECOWAS, wanda ke nuni da ƙuntatawa a cikin dangantakar da ta kasance tsakanin ƙungiyar da waɗannan ƙasashen. Duk da haka, bisa ƙa'idodin ECOWAS, ƙasashen na buƙatar sanar da ƙungiyar shekara guda kafin samun amincewar ficewar su, wanda ya sa aka samu wani lokaci na tsawan wa’adin shari’a.
Rauni Ga ECOWAS: Watsi da Bukatar Ƙarin Tsawaita Zamansu a Ƙungiyar
Duk da kiran ECOWAS na tsawaita zaman ƙasashen a cikin ƙungiyar na watanni shida don nemo mafita, ƙasashen uku sun watsi da wannan buƙatar. A yanzu, ƙasashen Mali, Nijar da Burkina Faso sun kafa haɗin gwiwa mai suna Haɗakar Ƙasashen Sahel (AES), wanda zai maye gurbin tsarin da suke ciki a ECOWAS. Wannan hadin gwiwa na ƙasashen uku yana zama tamkar sabuwar ƙungiya ta tsaron yankin Sahel da kuma wani sabuwar ƙa'idar siyasa.
Shugabannin mulkin sojin waɗannan ƙasashen sun zargi ECOWAS da ƙaƙaba musu takunkumi da rashin imani, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "haramtattu" bayan juyin mulkin da ya kawo su kan mulki. Sun bayyana cewa ECOWAS ba ta ba su cikakken goyon baya wajen yaƙar ta’addanci da ƙungiyar ta Afirka ta Yamma, wato Faransa, tana ci gaba da ɗaukar matsayin uwa a cikin siyasar waɗannan ƙasashe.
Raunin ECOWAS Daga Juyin Mulkin Nijar da Ƙalubale Ga Tsaron Yankin Sahel
Ficewar waɗannan ƙasashe daga ECOWAS ya zuwa yanzu yana nuni da raunanar ƙungiyar, musamman bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a Jamhuriyar Nijar a watan Yulin 2023. A wannan lokacin, ECOWAS ta yi barazanar amfani da ƙarfin soja don mayar da shugaban ƙasar, Mohamed Bazoum, wanda aka kwace masa mulki. Haka kuma, ƙungiyar ta kakaba takunkuman tattalin arziki ga Nijar da sauran ƙasashen da ke cikin wannan rikici, wanda ya kawo cikas ga zaman lafiya da ci gaba a yankin.
A yau, ƙasashen Burkina Faso, Mali da Nijar suna ci gaba da tsayar da matsayinsu na tabbatar da haɗin kai da ƙasashen da suka kafa AES. Wannan ƙungiya ta AES tana nufin samar da rundunar soji na haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai ƙunshi sojojin 5,000, wadanda za su yi yaki da masu iƙirarin jihadi da ke tayar da hankula a cikin wannan yankin na Sahel.
Togo da Ghana: Ƙasar Togo tana neman shiga Tsakani, Ghana tana zawarcin AES
A cikin wannan rikici na siyasa, ƙasar Togo ta zama mai buɗe hanyar sufuri ta ruwa ga ƙasashen AES. Har ila yau, tana ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani tsakanin ECOWAS da AES domin kawo zaman lafiya. Wasu ƙasashen kamar Ghana sun yi ƙoƙarin kusantar ƙasashen AES, kuma an samu ganawar shugaban ƙasar Ghana da shugabannin AES, inda aka tattauna yadda za a daidaita dangantaka tsakanin biyu.
Kodayake Ghana ta kasance cikin ECOWAS, amma ƙarƙashin sabuwar jagoranci na John Mahama, akwai yiwuwar ƙasar ta shiga haɗin gwiwa tare da AES. A cewar Rinaldo Depagne, mataimakin darektan Afirka a ƙungiyar ICG, yana yiwuwa Ghana ta zauna a cikin duka ECOWAS da AES, amma wannan zai bukaci ƙarin tattaunawa da fahimtar juna tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.
Muhimmancin Sauyi a cikin ECOWAS: Bukatar Sabuwar Manufa da Zama na Tattalin Arziƙi da Doka
A sakamakon wannan ficewa daga ECOWAS, akwai sabbin ra'ayoyi kan yadda ƙungiyar za ta gyara tsarin gudanarwarta da kuma sabunta manufar ta a cikin Afirka ta Yamma. Gilles Yabi, shugaban ƙungiyar Wathi, ya bayyana cewa ECOWAS na bukatar ta koma ga asalin manufar ta wato ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi da doka, da kuma tabbatar da dimokuradiyya da zaman lafiya a cikin yankin.
A cikin wannan lokacin na juyin juya halin siyasa, Yabi ya jaddada cewa akwai bukatar a yi canje-canje a cikin tsarin mulkin ECOWAS domin ta zama ƙungiya mai amfani ga dukkanin ƙasashen Afrika ta Yamma. Wannan zai iya ba da damar duka ƙasashen, ciki har da waɗanda ke cikin AES, su kasance a cikin wata sabuwar ƙungiya mai tabbatar da ci gaba da alaƙar tattalin arziki da tsaro.
Kammalawa:
Ƙungiyar AES, wanda ke da nufin karfafa haɗin kai tsakanin Mali, Burkina Faso, da Nijar, na iya zama wata sabuwar hanya wajen warware matsalolin tsaro a yankin Sahel, wanda ya sha fama da rikice-rikicen ta’addanci. Wannan na nuna cewa duk da raunannan da ECOWAS ke fuskanta, akwai buƙatar ci gaba da haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasashen Sahel da ECOWAS domin ƙarfafa zaman lafiya da tattalin arziki a cikin wannan yankin na Afirka.
Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai yiwuwar haɗin kai da tattaunawa kan matsalolin da suka shafi tsaro, musamman ma a cikin ƙasashen da suke fuskantar barazana daga masu iƙirarin jihadi, wanda ke saɓawa da zaman lafiya a Afirka ta Yamma.
